Which of the following could be a directional hypothesis in a correlation study?

• A. There is no relationship between the variables.
• B. Increased sleep leads to decreased stress levels.
• C. The variables are randomly related.
• D. Changes in one variable do not affect the other variable.

Answer: (B)

A directional hypothesis in a correlation study specifies the expected direction of the relationship between two variables. In this case, the statement that increased sleep leads to decreased stress levels indicates a clear expectation that as one variable (sleep) increases, the other variable (stress levels) will decrease. This establishes a specific and testable relationship between the two variables, which is essential for formulating a directional hypothesis.

The other options do not serve as directional hypotheses. The first option states there is no relationship between the variables, which reflects a non-directional or null hypothesis rather than suggesting a specific directional relationship. The third option, which mentions that the variables are randomly related, does not imply a systematic relationship or directional effect, making it unsuitable as a hypothesis. Finally, the last option suggests that changes in one variable do not affect the other, again indicating no directional relationship exists. Thus, only the statement about sleep and stress demonstrates the necessary directionality for a hypothesis in a correlation study.